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Israeli Airstrikes in Doha Target Hamas Leaders

Doha Airstrikes Spark Diplomatic Fallout and Global Unrest Fears

Intelligence cut off: 15:00 BST 09 SEPTEMBER 2025

At approximately 16:10 Qatar local time, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) and Israel Security Agency (ISA) carried out an airstrike in the Katara District of Doha. Israeli officials stated that the attack targeted senior members of the Palestinian group Hamas. The IDF has labelled the strike “Summit of Fire”.

Hamas channels stated that the attack killed an unspecified number of members of its negotiation team, which is currently involved in talks with the US regarding a plan to end hostilities in the Gaza Strip, where Hamas and Israel have been at war since the 7 October 2023 attack perpetrated by the Palestinian group.

Unverified footage reportedly taken in the aftermath of the attack shows several plumes of smoke rising from the impact area, suggesting multiple strikes. Unverified accounts claim that the attack killed, among others, Khalil al-Hayya and Khaled Mashal. Reports are currently conflicting regarding who has been killed, and there has been no official statement from Hamas or Qatari authorities.

Al-Hayya was the chairman of Hamas’ Political Bureau, where he succeeded Yahya Sinwar after the latter’s death in October 2024. Mashal was a former chairman of Hamas’ political bureau and one of the key leaders of the group in Qatar. Also believed to be present at the conference were Zaher Jabarin, who leads Hamas in the West Bank and Muhammad Darwish, head of Hamas’s Shura Council.

Qatari foreign ministry spokesperson Majed al-Ansari has released a statement stating that Qatar “strongly condemns” the strike, calling it “cowardly”, and that the “criminal assault constitutes a blatant violation of all international laws and norms, and poses a serious threat to the security and safety of Qataris and residents in Qatar.” He added that Qatar “will not tolerate this reckless Israeli behaviour and the ongoing disruption of regional security, nor any act that targets its security and sovereignty”.

The US Embassy in Qatar has advised US citizens to shelter in place.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

The attack is unprecedented and almost certainly a significant escalation with ramifications across the Arabian Peninsula. The most immediate ramifications are highly likely to be a dramatic breakdown in ceasefire negotiations, condemnation from the Gulf States, and increased civil unrest in urban centres globally.

Since 2012, Qatar has hosted the Hamas political leadership in exile. It has been this external leadership that has engaged in ceasefire negotiations with Israel, facilitated by international mediators, which have included Qatar. It is almost certain that the attack marks an end to this arrangement. The impact of this is twofold: first, the previously ongoing ceasefire negotiations are likely to completely collapse, given that the Hamas negotiating team has reportedly been largely killed. Second, power within Hamas will likely further concentrate within on-the-ground militants in the Gaza Strip, who have been more hardline and less amenable to any potential diplomacy.

Qatar is a major non-NATO ally of the US, hosting the Al-Udeid Air Base, which is currently the largest US military installation in the Middle East. According to a senior Israeli official talking to Israeli media, US President Donald Trump gave the green light for the Israeli strike in Qatar. Just days prior, on 7 September, Trump issued a “last warning” to Hamas to accept a deal to release all the hostages. If Washington’s approval of the strike is confirmed, the attack almost certainly follows the previous ultimatum, and it is likely that there will be major diplomatic ramifications among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, which include Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While Qatar’s relations with other GCC states have previously experienced significant strain, it is almost certain that GCC states will strongly condemn the attack.

It is highly likely that civil unrest will result from the attack. Pro-Palestine protests will likely be organised outside Israeli and US embassies across the Middle East, and protests will also highly likely be organised in major European and US cities.


Travel and Safety Guidance for Doha, Qatar

  • Avoid the Katari District of Doha.
  • If in Doha, shelter in place due to the risk of further attacks.
  • Adhere to all instructions issued by authorities.
  • Closely monitor trusted local news reports and government alerts. Unverified claims and disinformation will almost certainly be widely propagated on social media and unvetted sources.
  • Monitor airport and public transport sites for live updates on possible disruptions from the airstrikes.
  • Expect the security situation in the region to remain unstable in the immediate future. There is an increased risk of terrorist attacks and civil unrest.
  • Avoid protest hotspots, particularly outside embassies.
  • Allocate additional time for travel to airports due to the high likelihood of delays.
  • Keep emergency contact numbers saved on your phone, including those for local authorities, medical services, and consular assistance. Ensure mobile devices are fully charged.

Alert+

General Strikes Planned in France

Unions and Activist Groups Call for Mass Disruptions Across France

Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 09 SEPTEMBER 2025

Several major French labour unions have called for two general strike days on 10 and 18 September. The strike action, called “Bloquons Tout” (“Let’s shut everything down”), was initially popularised on social media as a reaction to a series of austerity policies, such as scrapping two national holidays and some welfare programs, proposed by Prime Minister François Bayrou as part of his plan to reduce the government deficit. Although Bayrou was forced to resign following a no-confidence vote on 8 September, the organisers of the strike have pledged for it to go ahead.

While initially developed as a citizen-led initiative, the 10 September strike has attracted the support of several large labour unions, representing railway, airport and healthcare workers, as well as student unions. The 18 September strike had initially been planned by an inter-union group representing various public and private sector workers. In addition to the labour unions, the strike actions are supported by several left-wing groups, most notably the far-left France Unbowed (LFI) party, and by environmentalist, far-left, and pro-Palestine direct action groups. These direct-action groups have called for additional demonstrations, aimed at maximising the disruptions caused by the strike. For example, in Paris, collectives have called for a blockade of the Périphérique (the ring road that surrounds the city) starting at 07:00 (local time).


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

The general strike will almost certainly result in severe transport and service disruptions across France. Rail travel, particularly services transiting through Paris, is highly likely to be affected by severe delays. Travel to and from the country’s main airports, including Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG/LFPG), Paris Orly (ORY/LFPO), Lyon Saint Exupéry (LYS/LFLL), and Nice-Côte d’Azur (NCE/LFMN), is also likely to be affected.

Flight operations at the main international airports are almost certainly to be impacted by the strike. According to available projections from local media, flight cancellations on the two strike days will total between 25 and 40 per cent of all flights, with average delays of around 90 minutes. A drop in operations at the key international flight hubs will highly likely impact smaller airports, further disrupting domestic flights.

While the organisers have pledged to carry out the strike despite the collapse of the Bayrou government, the scope and intensity of the strike action will highly likely be heavily influenced by President Emmanuel Macron’s decision on how to respond to the government crisis. LFI has called for new elections, as have several other left parties and the far-right National Rally (RN). However, such a move would likely be damaging for the already-weakened centre coalition that supports Macron, who may therefore opt to instead appoint a new prime minister. Such a move would almost certainly result in violent anti-government unrest in the short term, particularly in Paris.

Violent cases of unrest are likely. These will likely include sabotage and vandalism, particularly aimed at government offices and properties operated by multinational companies. Direct action groups may also target public infrastructure, as observed on the eve of the 2024 Paris Olympics. French police often respond violently to large protests, deploying pepper spray, tear gas, water cannons, and other crowd control tools. It is highly likely that clashes between the police and protesters will occur during the strike days, particularly in Paris and other large urban centres.


Travel and Safety Guidance for France During Unrest

  • Closely monitor government alerts and local news reports.
  • Monitor airport and public transport sites for live updates on possible disruptions from the strikes.
  • Allocate additional time for travel to airports due to the high likelihood of delays.
  • Avoid protest hotspots, such as government buildings and university campuses.
  • If caught in a protest, try to move away if it is safe to do so, and always abide by authority directions.
  • If you are unable to leave, take precautions to minimise risks. These include moving away from hard barriers, remaining upright, and moving with and not against the crowd.
  • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include local authorities, medical facilities and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged ahead of travel.
  • In Paris, avoid travelling on the Périphérique due to the threat of road blockades.
  • Monitor the Solace Secure platform for relevant updates.

Alert+

Nepal Protests Escalate After Social Media Ban

Protests Sweep Kathmandu After Ban on Social Media Platforms

Intelligence cut off: 10:30 BST 08 SEPTEMBER 2025

On 8 September, Gen Z-led protests broke out targeting government corruption and its decision to restrict 26 unregistered social media and online platforms in Nepal. The social media platforms include X, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, and Snapchat. The ban was imposed after the companies failed to register with the government within a seven-day deadline. In the lead-up to the protests, hashtags including “#NepoKid” and “#NepoBabies” trended online, gaining support for the protest movement. Organisers have shared information on protest routes via social media and have encouraged students to join the demonstrations in their uniforms.

Demonstrators gathered at Maitighar in Kathmandu at 09:00 local time in a rally organised by the “Hami Nepal” group, which sought prior permission. Protests escalated when demonstrators pelted stones at security forces, who were using tear gas, water cannons, rubber bullets, and live ammunition fired into the air to disperse the crowd. Protesters subsequently broke into a restricted area and entered the Federal Parliament premises. One protester has reportedly died after being shot by security forces and several others have been injured in clashes. Photographers and journalists covering the protests were among those injured, with employees of Naya Patrika, Nepal Press, and Kantipur Television hit by rubber bullets.

In response to the demonstrations, the Kathmandu District Administration Office imposed a curfew in New Baneshwar under Section 6 of the Local Administration Act. The curfew is effective from 12:30 to 22:00 local time and covers Baneshwor Chowk to Bijuli Bazaar bridge (west), Tinkune Chowk (east), Ratna Rajya School (north), and Shankhamul bridge (south). The curfew was then extended to include the President’s residence, Shital Niwas area, Maharajgunj, the vice-president’s residence in Lainchaur, all sides of Singha Durbar, the prime minister’s residence in Baluwatar, and surrounding areas. The government deployed the Nepali Army in New Baneshwor.

Protests have also spread to several other cities in Nepal, including Biratnagar, Butwal, Chitwan, and Pokhara. Several celebrities, journalists, members of the opposition and other prominent figures, including the Mayor of Kathmandu, have endorsed the protests.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

The protests occur amid broader frustration with a lack of access to basic healthcare, food insecurity, and shortages of essential medications. The population’s economic insecurity has been exacerbated by frequent flash flooding in recent months. In July and August, heavy floods impacted Nepal, disrupting trade and damaging hydropower plants. Members of the government, in contrast, are perceived to be living in luxury. Nepal is ranked 107 out of 180 on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, with frequent corruption scandals and legal retaliation against journalists.

The government’s decision to ban 26 major social media and online platforms has almost certainly been perceived as government overreach and an attempt to introduce censorship. Approximately half of Nepal’s population uses these platforms, and usage is disproportionate among Gen-Z. Communication apps like WhatsApp are also heavily relied on to communicate both within Nepal and to diaspora communities abroad. Unless repealed, these restrictions will almost certainly continue to fuel resentment towards the government.

VPN usage in Nepal has increased markedly since the 4 September ban on online platforms. This has enabled a partial circumvention of the ban. The government has warned against the indiscriminate use of VPNs and has hinted at restricting VPN usage. Should the government impose restrictions on VPN usage, it is highly likely that protest movements will intensify.

Restrictions on social media and online platforms will likely reduce the spread of disinformation and limit the ability of protest groups to coordinate online. However, the move will also likely obfuscate the true scale, size, and nature of the protests, restricting independent reporting and situational awareness for anyone in-country. Potential information gaps will likely increase reliance on state narratives, with limited opportunities for independent verification.

The use of rubber bullets against journalists will almost certainly portray security forces as using excessive force to quell dissent. The death of a protester will highly likely further exacerbate protests. The endorsement of the protests by prominent people, including key political figures, is likely to provide the protest with a degree of legitimacy and could provide the movement with some form of leadership, dynamics that could sustain the momentum of current protests.


Travel and Safety Guidance for Nepal

  • Avoid the areas around Baneshwor Chowk, as well as all major government buildings, university and police facilities. Reassess travel to central Kathmandu.
  • Allocate additional time for all road travel in Kathmandu, and other major cities in Nepal.
  • Closely monitor announcements from local authorities and media sources for any developments that may severely impact the local security environment.
  • Avoid all areas of unrest due to incidental risks to bystanders. If caught in the unrest, travellers should move with the crowd until they find the nearest opportunity to escape. If in a vehicle, look to turn down the nearest road. If driving away is not an option, lock the vehicle and escape on foot.
  • Always follow all instructions and orders from security forces. Where possible, avoid areas of active unrest and remain in a secure accommodation.
  • Prolonged civil unrest can disrupt travel, especially if protesters begin targeting airports. Travellers should have contingency measures in place, including evacuation plans and reliable access to food, water and medication.
  • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include the local authorities, medical facilities and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged in case of any loss of electricity.
  • If caught in the vicinity of a security incident, seek shelter immediately and leave the area if safe to do so. Continue to adhere to all instructions issued by authorities and obey any security cordons in place.
  • Monitor trusted local media for updates relevant to the unrest.

Alert+

Afghanistan Hit by 6.0 Magnitude Earthquake

Earthquake Strikes Eastern Afghanistan, Tremors Felt in Pakistan

Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 01 SEPTEMBER 2025

On 31 August, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck near Jalalabad, Afghanistan, devastating the eastern provinces of Kunar and Nangarhar. The quake resulted in heavy casualties and widespread destruction, with the death toll continuing to rise as rescue operations progress. The latest figures presented by the Taliban-run Interior Ministry at approximately 09:00 UTC, 1 September, place the death toll at 800, with 2,500 injuries across the affected areas.

The most affected area is Kunar’s Nurgal district, where at least three villages have been destroyed. Afghan disaster officials warned that hundreds of people might still be trapped beneath the rubble. In Nangarhar province, at least 10 deaths and 250 injuries were reported, with Dara-I-Nur district among the hardest-hit locations. The Taliban authorities dispatched relief teams to assist with search and rescue operations in the worst-affected regions.

The earthquake’s tremors were also felt across the border in Pakistan, with shaking reported in Islamabad, Peshawar, Hangu, Mansehra, and Malakand. Precautionary measures were implemented in parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the federal capital region, though no significant casualties have been confirmed at this stage.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

Afghanistan is prone to large earthquakes, particularly in the Hindu Kush mountain range, where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates meet. Aftershocks are highly likely in the next days to weeks. While most will likely be small-to-moderate (magnitude 3.0 to 4.0), further magnitude 5.0 or above earthquakes remain a realistic possibility and could result in significant damage.

Afghanistan is one of the least disaster-resilient countries in the world, and given the prevalence of unreinforced, non-earthquake-resilient buildings, even moderate aftershocks could trigger secondary collapses, complicate rescue operations, and result in further casualties.

Topography in the affected regions and adjoining Pakistani districts (Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Lower Dir) makes landslides and rockfall a significant risk, particularly along river valleys and cut slopes. Slope failures could block roads, isolate impacted communities, and cause flooding if river channels are dammed.

Damage to water and sanitation networks will likely increase the likelihood of waterborne diseases, adding further strain on hospitals and clinics. Access constraints, including debris, landslides, damaged bridges, and the presence of non-state armed actors in parts of eastern Afghanistan, will almost certainly complicate the provision of humanitarian aid and disaster relief.

In Pakistan, while no significant damage has been recorded, localised infrastructure disruption in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, particularly temporary road closures and communications outages, is highly likely. An elevated landslide risk in hill districts following aftershocks or rainfall could further exacerbate the humanitarian situation following monsoon flooding. Furthermore, there will likely be congestion at the Torkham border crossing if humanitarian flows and medical referrals increase.

Access will likely be constrained in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, with debris-blocked roads, infrastructural damage, and continuing aftershocks and slope failures impeding ground movement on both sides of the border.


Travel and Safety Guidance for Afghanistan and Pakistan

  • Closely monitor local news reports and government alerts.
  • Expect aftershocks. Be prepared to Drop, Cover, Hold On in case of further tremors.
  • During a tremor, if outside, do not enter buildings and move away from buildings, trees, streetlights and overhead lines.
  • If inside, pick a safe place (under a sturdy table or desk, or against an interior wall and away from windows and heavy furniture). Do not leave until the shaking stops.
  • If evacuating a building, always use the stairs. Look out for fires and falling debris.
  • Prepare an emergency ‘go bag’ with essentials such as bottled water, batteries, important documents, and medications.
  • Confirm booked flights are running prior to checking out of hotels or travelling to the airport.
  • Management should maintain communication with individuals affected until the event is concluded.
  • Heed evacuation orders and travel to government-issued shelters if safe to do so.
  • Adhere to all instructions issued by authorities.
  • Ensure important documents and medications are appropriately stored.
  • Prepare for power outages, communication disruptions, and travel delays.
  • Stay away from damaged buildings and affected areas until authorities deem them safe.

Alert+

Indonesia Protests Escalate After Police Killing in Jakarta

Indonesia Unrest Deepens as Anger Over Police Brutality and Corruption Mounts

Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 29 AUGUST 2025

As of 18:00 local time (11:00 UTC), 29 August, protests are ongoing in several Indonesian cities, with multiple cases of clashes between protesters and police forces being reported. The demonstrations are in response to the 28 August killing of a motorcycle taxi driver, Affan Kurniawan, who was allegedly run over by a vehicle operated by Brimob, a special operations unit of the Indonesian National Police, during a separate anti-government protest. A video reportedly showing the incident was shared online, attracting significant media attention.

Protests on 29 August started in Jakarta, where protesters gathered in the vicinity of the Brimob and metropolitan police headquarters, and staged road blockades across much of the city’s centre and particularly the Kwitang area. Violent clashes reportedly started after protesters attempted to block a transiting police convoy and pelted vehicles with rocks. Brimob units deployed tear gas to disperse the crowds, leading to a further increase in tensions. At around 16:30 local time (09:30 UTC), local media reported that protesters had stormed the metropolitan police headquarters in Jakarta.

Protests were also recorded in multiple other large Indonesian cities. Clashes have been observed in Jawa Barat, in Surakarta, Medan, and in Bandung. Local universities are also focal points for ongoing protests, as local student unions have called for students to join the unrest.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

The current protests form part of a broader wave of anti-government sentiment in 2025, which has triggered sporadic civil unrest. Notably, student-led civil unrest targeting government austerity erupted on 17 February under the slogan #IndonesiaGelap (Dark Indonesia). Beginning on 25 August, the most recent demonstrations started following the publication of reports regarding a new monthly housing allowance for politicians, which is worth approximately 20 times Indonesia’s minimum wage. The publication has acted as a catalyst for broader anti-government sentiment centring on low wages, cuts to government funding, job cuts in the textile industry, government corruption, and the growing role of the military in civilian life, which have been sources of growing frustration among much of Indonesia’s population.

The perceived government failures are amid a background of economic uncertainty. Real wages have lagged behind inflation, contributing to shrinking real wages and a rising cost of living. This has been exacerbated by accelerating unemployment, with Indonesia’s manufacturing sector, which constituted 32 per cent of the country’s GDP in 2002, shrinking to just 19 per cent in 2024. In the first half of 2025, approximately 42,000 manufacturing workers were laid off. Furthermore, economic growth has slowed, dropping to 4.8 per cent in Q2 of 2025, the weakest pace in nearly four years and short of President Prabowo Subianto’s target of 8 per cent.

Social media has catalysed unrest, with footage of clashes spreading quickly and prompting further anti-government sentiment. The government has blamed online platforms for disinformation and has summoned representatives from several social media platforms, including Meta and TikTok. According to the deputy communications minister, the government will request that the platforms moderate their content. There is a realistic possibility that, should social media platforms refuse to impose strict content moderation measures, the government will impose social media blocks to prevent further anti-government sentiment from spreading. However, such measures would also likely significantly reduce situational awareness, limiting the ability to track the scale and location of protests in real-time.

Given the escalation in demonstrations, particularly since 28 August, it is highly likely that they will continue over the weekend. While there is a realistic possibility that this could subside in early September, the police’s continued use of force and any potential investigation into police brutality will likely trigger further unrest. There is a realistic possibility that the government will attempt to placate protesters by imposing policies centred on curbing corruption and austerity measures, although minor concessions are unlikely to quell current or prevent further demonstrations.


Travel and Safety Guidance for Jakarta, Indonesia

  • Avoid the Kwitang area in Jakarta, as well as all major government buildings, universities and police facilities. Reassess travel to central Jakarta.
  • Allocate additional time for all road travel in Jakarta.
  • Closely monitor announcements from local authorities and media sources for any developments that may severely impact the local security environment.
  • Avoid all areas of unrest due to incidental risks to bystanders. If caught in the unrest, travellers should move with the crowd until they find the nearest opportunity to escape. If in a vehicle, look to turn down the nearest road. If driving away is not an option, lock the vehicle and escape on foot.
  • Always follow all instructions and orders from security forces. Where possible, avoid areas of active unrest and remain in a secure accommodation.
  • Prolonged civil unrest can disrupt travel, especially if protesters begin targeting airports. Travellers should have contingency measures in place, including evacuation plans and reliable access to food, water and medication.
  • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include the local authorities, medical facilities and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged in case of any loss of electricity.
  • If caught in the vicinity of a security incident, seek shelter immediately and leave the area if safe to do so. Continue to adhere to all instructions issued by authorities and obey any security cordons in place.
  • Monitor trusted local media for updates relevant to the unrest.

Alert+

Tsunami Alerts Issued After Kamchatka Earthquake

Tsunami Threat Expands After Major 8.8 Earthquake Strikes Kamchatka

Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 30 JULY 2025

At 11:24 local time (23:24 UTC) on 30 July, a magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck near the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. The tremor was shallow, occurring at a depth of 20.7 kilometres. The epicentre was located 136 kilometres east-southeast of Petrovalosk-Kamchatsky.

The immediate impact in parts of Kamchatka was severe. Tsunami waves up to five metres devastated the town of Severo-Kruilsk, and strong shaking in the city of Petrovalosk-Kamchatsky caused power and mobile outages, building damage, and multiple injuries.

Tsunami warnings and evacuation orders have been triggered in coastal regions across much of the Pacific, including Japan, Hawaii, Alaska, and California. The US Tsunami Warning System has issued the following warnings:

Tsunami waves over three metres possible: Ecuador, Russia, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Tsunami waves between one and three metres possible: Chile, Costa Rica, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Japan, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kiribati, Midway Island, Palmyra Island, Peru, Samoa, Solomon Islands

Tsunami waves between 0.3 and one metre possible: Antarctica, Australia, Chuuk, Colombia, Cook Islands, El Salvador, Fiji, Guatemala, Howland and Baker Islands, Indonesia, Kermadec Islands, Kosrae, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Pohnpei, Taiwan, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, American Samoa, Yap

The Japan Meteorological Agency issued warnings of tsunami heights of up to three metres for coastal areas from Hokkaido to Wakayama Prefecture, with evacuation advisories being issued for nearly two million people in over 220 municipalities. Employees at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant have been ordered to evacuate. The tallest wave recorded at the time of writing was 1.3 metres, at Kuji Port in Iwate Prefecture.

In Hawaii, evacuation warnings were issued across Maui and Oahu, including the state capital, Honolulu, with flights being cancelled as a precaution. Waves as high as 1.8 metres have been recorded near Hawaii.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

The earthquake is the joint sixth-largest recorded globally since 1900, and the strongest since Japanʼs 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake. The Kamchatka Peninsula is situated along the seismically active Pacific Ring of Fire, a horseshoe-shaped tectonic belt which spans most of the coastal Pacific and is responsible for approximately 90 per cent of the worldʼs earthquakes.

The shallow depth of the earthquake is a key cause of the extensive tsunami threat. The effects of tsunamis will almost certainly depend on the disaster resilience of the countries affected. Hawaii and Japan, two locations anticipated to experience the greatest tsunami impact, both have comprehensive disaster preparedness measures which have highly likely mitigated the potential impact.

In Japan, the suspension of high-speed rail, mass evacuations, emergency broadcasting, and automated sea gates have all contributed towards a low risk to life as of the time of writing. In Hawaii, the rapid issuance of evacuation orders and pre-emptive measures to protect critical infrastructure, such as the shutting down of water supply valves, have likewise considerably reduced the risk to life. The effectiveness of the evacuation orders in Hawaii has been notable, particularly in contrast with the emergency communications system failures that exacerbated the impact of the 2023 Maui wildfires.

In multiple areas with issued tsunami warnings, the level of disruption is high, with significant air travel disruption, high levels of traffic congestion, and the sudden suspension of business activity.


Travel and Safety Guidance in Response to Tsunami Warnings

  • Closely monitor local news reports and government alerts.
  • If in a location with an active tsunami warning, immediately move to high ground or as far inland as possible, away from the coastline.
  • Be alert to signs of a tsunami, such as a sudden rise or draining of ocean waters.
  • If you are in a boat, face the direction of the waves and go out to sea.
  • If near the epicentre of the earthquake, expect aftershocks. Be prepared to Drop, Cover, Hold On in case of further tremors.
  • During a tremor, if outside, do not enter buildings and move away from buildings, trees, streetlights and overhead lines.
  • If inside, pick a safe place (under a sturdy table or desk, or against an interior wall and away from windows and heavy furniture). Do not leave until the shaking stops.
  • If evacuating a building, always use the stairs. Look out for fires and falling debris.
  • Prepare an emergency ‘go bagʼ with essentials such as bottled water, batteries, important documents, and medications.
  • Heed evacuation orders and travel to government-issued shelters if safe to do so.
  • Adhere to all instructions issued by authorities.
  • Ensure important documents and medications are appropriately stored.
  • Prepare for power outages, communication disruptions, and travel delays.
  • Stay away from damaged buildings and affected areas until authorities deem them safe.
  • Avoid touching floodwaters, which can contain debris, sewage, bacteria, or chemicals.
  • Confirm booked flights are running prior to checking out of hotels or travelling to the airport.

Alert+

Civil Unrest in Angola

Widespread Protests Erupt in Luanda as Fuel Price Hike Sparks Unrest

Intelligence cut off: 17:00 BST 29 JULY 2025

Unrest erupted in Luanda, Angola’s capital, on 28 July, as a three-day taxi driver strike against the government’s decision to raise the price of diesel by approximately 33 per cent began. The taxi driver strike quickly evolved into broader anti-government protests as thousands of people joined demonstrations. Protests have resulted in clashes, roadblocks, looted shops, and destroyed cars, and have continued with intensity into 29 July. Protesters have chanted against fuel price increases and the nearly five-decade rule by the ruling party.

Security forces have reacted forcefully with live ammunition, tear gas, and rubber bullets, killing at least four people in Luanda’s Cazenga area and arresting over 500 across the capital. State-run media has reportedly avoided covering the protests. Despite the clashes and government appeals for an end to the strike, the taxi drivers’ association in Luanda has condemned the violence and casualties but has committed to continuing the strike until at least the 30 July.

According to local media, all access to the Palácio da Cidade Alta is restricted, and the Calemba 2 area of Camama municipality, Campos Universitário Urban District, and 11 de Novembro Street are blocked with barricades. Access to the local hospital on 11 de Novembro Street has been obstructed.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

While the price increase was proposed on 1 July, which has triggered weekly protests, the taxi strike almost certainly acted as a catalyst for Angolan citizens to vent their broader frustrations against the government. The ruling party, People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), has been in power since 1975 and has been facing increasing opposition. Angola’s economy is heavily reliant on oil, which accounts for approximately 90 per cent of export revenues. Global price fluctuations in recent years have triggered high inflation, rising food and transport costs in a country where the average monthly wage is just USD 75.

Angola has a large youth population who are experiencing widespread unemployment and are driving the current wave of unrest. Approximately 65 per cent of Angola’s population is under the age of 24, and only 2 per cent of its population is aged over 65. Social media almost certainly constitutes a tool for organising demonstrations and could be blocked by the government in an attempt to quell the unrest.

Civil unrest will highly likely continue on 30 July, which will be the third and final day of the originally planned taxi driver strike. The forceful reaction from security forces almost certainly aims to deter further protests. However, this could have the adverse effect of further inflaming demonstrations, particularly if footage of violence perpetrated by security forces is widely shared on social media.


Travel Risk Advice for Angola

  • Avoid all non-essential travel to Angola, particularly Luanda.
  • Closely monitor announcements from local authorities and media sources for any developments that may severely impact the local security environment.
  • Avoid all areas of unrest due to incidental risks to bystanders. If caught in the unrest, travellers should move with the crowd until they find the nearest opportunity to escape. If in a vehicle, look to turn down the nearest road. If driving away is not an option, lock the vehicle and escape on foot.
  • Always follow all instructions and orders from security forces. Where possible, avoid areas of active unrest and remain in secure accommodation.
  • Prolonged civil unrest can disrupt travel, especially if protesters begin targeting airports. Travellers should have contingency measures in place, including evacuation plans and reliable access to food, water and medication.
  • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include the local authorities, medical facilities, and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged in case of any loss of electricity.
  • If caught in the vicinity of a security incident, seek shelter immediately and leave the area if safe to do so. Continue to adhere to all instructions issued by authorities and obey any security cordons in place.
  • The overall security situation in Angola, including Luanda, is likely to remain severe in the coming days.
  • Closely monitor trusted local news reports and government alerts.

Alert+

Thailand-Cambodia Border Clashes

Clashes Intensify on Thailand-Cambodia Border Amid Rising Military Activity

Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 24 JULY 2025

The ongoing border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia has intensified after five Thai soldiers were injured by a landmine in the disputed area along shared border with Cambodia in Ubon Ratchathani province on 23 July. According to Thai authorities, the mines were newly laid along paths that were supposed to be safe by mutual agreement. The incident prompted Thailand to expel the Cambodian ambassador and close all border crossings with Cambodia, to which Cambodia responded by downgrading diplomatic ties and evacuating its embassy in Bangkok.

In the most significant escalation, on the morning of 24 July, a confrontation involving six Cambodian soldiers and an alleged drone, and several Thai soldiers has triggered direct strikes between the two territories. Thailand and Cambodia have accused each other of provoking the incident.

In response to the clashes, Thailand launched airstrikes at two Cambodian military targets and deployed F-16 fighter jets, which Cambodian media claimed to have downed, something that was refuted by the Thai Air Force as “fake news”. One F-16 fired into Cambodia, destroying a military target, according to a statement by the Thai military. According to Cambodian prime minister Hun Manet, Thailand attacked Cambodian military positions at Prasat Ta Moan Thom and Prasat Ta Krabey in Oddar Meanchey province, and Cambodia’s defence ministry has accused Thailand of targeting a road.

Cambodia has responded with artillery fire into a civilian area in Thailand’s Surin province, according to Thai defence ministry spokesperson. The Thai military has reported at least 12 civilian fatalities, according to latest figures. Artillery fire from Cambodian forces has reportedly caused damage in the Kantharalak district of Si Sa Ket, Thailand, setting a 7-Eleven store ablaze and striking the Phanom Dong Rak Hospital in Surin province. Thai officials have accused Cambodian forces of targeting civilian areas. Cambodia has claimed to have taken control of disputed temples along the border, with reports of Thai soldiers being killed or injured.

The situation has prompted diplomatic responses, with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet seeking intervention from the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Despite the conflict, Cambodian authorities report that flights between the two countries are operating normally. Approximately 40,000 citizens have been evacuated from 86 villages in Thailand and evacuations are underway in Preah Vihear, Cambodia. The Thai embassy has urged its citizens to leave Cambodia.

Thailand has also closed its southernmost border checkpoint with Cambodia at Hat Lek in Trat, as clashes continue further north. Both countries have urged civilians not to share photos or videos of the ongoing conflict, indicating a desire to control the narrative and manage the situation domestically.


INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

After an armed confrontation in the disputed border region of Preah Vihear on 28 May, which resulted in the death of one Cambodian soldier, tensions have escalated between the two countries. In the following weeks, border crossing restrictions have been imposed, trade of produce, fuel, and media has been stopped, resulting in protests, economic disruption, and a political crisis in Thailand resulting in the suspension of Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra.

The dispute originates from a 1904 colonial-era agreement between France and Siam using the watershed principle to define the border, but a later French map placed the Preah Vihear Temple in Cambodia. The ICJ ultimately ruled in Cambodia’s favour. Tensions over the disputed region have occasionally escalated, most notably in 2008 following armed skirmishes between Cambodian and Thai troops.

In 2011, both sides engaged in a week-long exchange of artillery, mortars, and rocket fire, triggering at least 15 deaths and 85,000 displacements. The clashes prompted the diplomatic intervention of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and led to both sides agreeing to de-escalate with Indonesian observers monitoring the border. Following the clashes, Bangkok and Phnom Penh agreed to settle future disputes with a Joint Boundary Commission; a means which failed to resolve the current dispute on 15 June.

Given the instability in Thailand, there is an elevated risk of a coup, with the Thai military highly likely exploiting the border crisis with Cambodia to win public favour. Thailand has a history of coups, with 22 coup attempts, 13 of which were successful, since the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932. The most recent two coups ousted Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra‘s family members, Thaksin in 2006 and her aunt Yingluck Shinawatra in 2014. The normalisation of coups in Thailand has likely created a ‘coup culture’, whereby often military-led takeovers are viewed by many as an acceptable way to solve a political crisis. The likelihood of coups typically increases during times of mass protest or armed conflict, with the military justifying a coup by claiming they are “restoring order”.

Thailand has a significant military advantage over Cambodia, outmatching Cambodia in airpower, firepower, and mobility. Cambodia has historically relied on symbolic and diplomatic efforts during disputes with Thailand. On 14 July, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet declared that mandatory military conscription would be implemented in 2026 in an attempt to bolster its military capabilities.

Continued clashes are highly likely as both sides conduct retaliatory strikes. The accusations of the deliberate targeting of civilian areas from Thailand significantly escalates the risk of miscalculation from both sides. While ASEAN has, so far, been diplomatically impotent regarding the escalations, given the lack of formal mechanisms for conflict dispute and consensus-based decision-making, diplomatic intervention to de-escalate between the two sides is likely.


Travel Risk Advice for Thailand and Cambodia

  • Ensure that you contact and register with your local embassy or consulate if stranded in Thailand or Cambodia.
  • Avoid all military installations, government buildings, and key infrastructure, which may constitute potential targets.
  • Ensure you have robust evacuation, communication, and contingency plans in place.
  • Adhere to all instructions issued by authorities.
  • Expect the security situation in the region to remain highly unstable in the immediate future. There is an increased risk of further strikes and civil unrest.
  • Prepare an essential “go-bag” containing, at a minimum, travel documents, cash, medications, basic supplies, and communication devices in case of evacuation.
  • Keep emergency contact numbers saved on your phone, including those for local authorities, medical services, and consular assistance. Ensure mobile devices are fully charged in case of potential power outages.
  • Closely monitor trusted local news reports and government alerts. Unverified claims and disinformation will almost certainly be widely propagated on social media and unvetted sources.

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    Alert+

    Saba Saba Day Protests in Kenya

    Road Disruptions Reported Across Kenya as Demonstrations Begin

    Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 07 JULY 2025

    Protests have reignited in Kenya, coinciding with the 7 July anniversary of the historic pro-democracy demonstrations known as Saba Saba Day. While today’s protests are in their early stages, violent incidents have already been reported. On the Nyeri-Nairobi highway in Karatina in Nyeri County, protesters have set tyres alight. Security forces have fired “warning shots” and tear gas to disperse a small group of protesters along Ruaraka Junction on Thika Road in Nairobi.

    ​Local media have shared images of anti-government demonstrators lighting a fire to block traffic on the B6 road between Embu and Wang’uru in central Kenya’s Kirinyaga County. Police have utilised tear gas to disperse protesters in Kitengela.

    Unrest locations in Kenya Saba Saba day 2025

    Authorities had anticipated the protests and took pre-emptive measures by setting up roadblocks at several entry points to Nairobi’s Central Business District and blocking roads near the country’s parliament building with razor wire. A large police presence was also reported in Mombasa ahead of the planned demonstrations. Early morning commuters and overnight travellers were stuck at checkpoints, with security forces only letting some vehicles through.

    Armed individuals have been accused of attacking protesters, with an armed group attacking the headquarters of a human rights NGO in Nairobi on 6 July. Civil society groups have claimed that they are colluding with security forces. The group reportedly consists of at least 25 individuals on motorbikes armed with clubs and stones. If they target protesters today, it will highly likely escalate the unrest and spark clashes between protesters and security forces.


    INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

    Anti-government protests have escalated following the death of blogger Albert Ojwang in police custody on 9 June. Today is the most significant day of unrest since 25 June, the first anniversary of the storming of parliament. Protests will almost certainly escalate throughout the day and into the evening, with demonstrators highly likely to clash with security forces.

    ​Ahead of today’s protests, Cabinet Secretary for the Ministry of Interior and National Administration Onesimus Kipchumba Murkomen encouraged security forces to shoot on sight, something that will almost certainly exacerbate the civil unrest.

    The 7 July Saba Saba (Seven Seven) Uprising in 1990 saw pro-democracy activists led by opposition figures rally against the rule of President Daniel arap Moi, who had been in power since 1978. The government banned the rally and violently cracked down on demonstrators, with security forces killing at least 20 people, arresting hundreds, and detaining opposition leaders without trial. In December 1991, Moi lifted the ban on opposition parties, enabling multiparty politics. ​

    A notable distinction from the Saba Saba Uprising is that, while protests in the 1990s were led by opposition figures, the current demonstrations are a grassroots Gen Z movement led by students without defined leaders or ethnic affiliations.

    ​The protesters have demanded good governance, greater accountability, and justice for victims of police brutality. The broad demands and lack of clear leadership will highly likely make it more difficult for protesters to pressure President William Ruto, who has weathered previous waves of protests since his election in September 2022, to resign. This, alongside the continued heavy-handedness by security forces, means that protests will likely continue beyond today.

    Security checkpoints and protests have blocked major roads across Kenya. Continued travel disruptions around major cities, including Nairobi and Mombasa, are highly likely.


    Travel Risk Advice for Kenya

    • Avoid all non-essential travel to Kenya, particularly Nairobi and Mombasa.
    • Avoid the central business district in Nairobi, as well as all major government buildings such as the Kenyan Parliament or the Governor’s Office.
    • Closely monitor announcements from local authorities and media sources for any developments that may severely impact the local security environment.
    • Avoid all areas of unrest due to incidental risks to bystanders. If caught in the unrest, travellers should move with the crowd until they find the nearest opportunity to escape. If in a vehicle, look to turn down the nearest road. If driving away is not an option, lock the vehicle and escape on foot.
    • Always follow all instructions and orders from security forces. Where possible, avoid areas of active unrest and remain in a secure accommodation.
    • Prolonged civil unrest can disrupt travel, especially if protesters begin targeting airports. Travellers should have contingency measures in place, including evacuation plans and reliable access to food, water and medication.
    • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include the local authorities, medical facilities and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged in case of any loss of electricity.
    • If caught in the vicinity of a security incident, seek shelter immediately and leave the area if safe to do so. Continue to adhere to all instructions issued by authorities and obey any security cordons in place.
    • The overall security situation in Kenya, including Nairobi, is likely to remain severe in the coming days.
    • Monitor the Solace Secure platform and trusted local media for updates relevant to the conflict.

    Alert+

    Bulk Carrier Attacked by Houthis in Red Sea

    Houthis Strike Bulk Carrier in Major Red Sea Attack

    Intelligence cut off: 11:00 BST 07 JULY 2025

    On 6 July, the Liberia-flagged Greek-owned dry bulk carrier MAGIC SEAS (IMO: 9736169) was attacked 51NM southwest of Al Hudaydah, Yemen. The attack was almost certainly conducted by the Yemen-based Houthi Movement (officially ‘Ansar Allah’).

    At 1125 UTC, the vessel reported being engaged by multiple small vessels (reportedly eight to nine skiffs), which opened fire on MAGIC SEAS with automatic firearms and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs). The vessel’s Armed Security Team (AST) returned fire. At 1401 UTC, the Company Security Officer (CSO) reported that the vessel had been struck by ‘unknown projectiles’, resulting in a fire onboard. Following engagement with the skiffs, the vessel was reportedly attacked by four Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs), two of which impacted the port side of the vessel, and two of which were “intercepted and destroyed by the AST”.

    Location of July 6 Houthi Attack on MAGIC SEAS in the Red Sea

    An executive affiliated with the shipping company which owns the MAGIC SEAS stated that the vessel was also targeted by missiles, which started fires in the forecastle near the ship’s bow and in its second hold, damaging the vessel’s fuel tanks and hitting the engine room. At 1530 UTC, the CSO reported that the crew were preparing to abandon ship, with all crew having abandoned ship by 1553 UTC. The crew were confirmed as rescued by a passing merchant vessel at 1900 UTC. The vessel remains abandoned and is taking on water.

    Hours after the attack, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted multiple airstrikes against Houthi targets in Al Hudaydah, Ras Isa and Salif in Yemen. The IAF also reportedly targeted the GALAXY LEADER (IMO: 9237307), which was hijacked by the Houthis in late 2023.

    It is almost certain that the GALAXY LEADER was struck due to long-standing concerns that the vessel has been used as an intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) asset, with the Israeli military having previously stated that the Houthis had installed a radar system on the vessel to track vessels in the region following multiple strikes on the Houthi’s coastal radar infrastructure.


    INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

    The incident is the first Houthi attack against a merchant vessel since December 2024. Following the signing of a ceasefire agreement between the US and the Houthis on 6 May, some merchant vessel operators had resumed transiting the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. However, the attack against MAGIC SEAS, almost certainly highlights the continuing threat to merchant vessels, and there is a realistic possibility that the Houthis will follow up the success of the attack with further attacks in the near future. 

    The brief Gaza ceasefire between Israel and Hamas between January and March led to the Houthi movement announcing an end to attacks against merchant vessels that are not directly affiliated with Israel. However, the Houthis announced a resumption of the anti-merchant shipping campaign after the end of the ceasefire, with the US and Israel then regularly conducting air strikes against Houthi-controlled Yemen. The Houthis, however, did not attack any merchant shipping during this period, despite sustained threats.

    The US involvement in strikes against Iran’s nuclear facilities in Operation Midnight Hammer in June led to a member of the Houthi politburo announcing an end to the ceasefire with the US, and it is likely that the attack against MAGIC SEAS is intended as strategic messaging of a renewal of the Houthi anti-merchant shipping campaign.

    MAGIC SEAS was transiting between China and Turkey. However, the shipowner, Allseas Marine, has at least three other vessels that have previously made port calls in Israel. In a statement published after the attack, the Houthis claimed that the vessel “meets the Yemeni criteria for targeting ships”.  It is unclear at the time of the writing whether this is due to the vessel owners having conducted business in Israel – given the ambiguity of Houthi statements and the previously indiscriminate nature of Houthi attacks, all merchant vessels transiting near Yemen should consider themselves a potential target. 

    The Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) employed during the attack stand out for both the scale and diversity of attack methods. While the Houthis have previously used skiffs during attacks, the number used during this attack is particularly large. It is highly likely that the ISR capabilities of the Houthis have been significantly degraded following the withdrawal of Iranian assets from the region and US-Israeli strikes. The Houthis likely used the large group of skiffs to enable the targeting of the vessel with other weapon systems such as USVs and missiles. It is almost certain, given the attack methods, that the Houthis intended to sink the vessel.


    Travel Risk Advice

    • Vessel operators transiting the Red Sea, Bab al-Mandeb and Gulf of Aden should consider the use of an AST. ASTs should be positioned to cover all avenues of approach.
    • Vessel operators should conduct thorough pre-voyage risk assessments.
    • Vessels should have well-rehearsed plans and protocols for emergency response to security incidents.
    • Vessel operators should enhance visual and radar watch 24/7 from the southern Red Sea through the Gulf of Aden. Effective and properly equipped lookouts should be stationed at all times.
    • Vessels operating in the region should consider suspending broadcasting on AIS.
    • Vessels should limit transits to daylight hours where possible.
    • Vessels should limit other electronic signatures and minimise non-essential transmissions to limit detection, identification and targeting.
    • Vessel operators should consider alternative routes due to the threat of renewed Houthi operations targeting merchant vessels. All vessels or shipping companies with clear links to Israel should consider rerouting.
    • Vessels should maintain contact with authorities like the UKMTO and immediately report on any suspicious activity.
    • For further counter-measures, vessel operators should consult authoritative sources such as the BMP Maritime Security guide.
    • Monitor the Solace Secure platform and trusted local media for updates relevant to the conflict.

    Opinion

    Travel Risk in 2025: It’s Getting Personal

    Travel risk in 2025

    How the next generation of travel risk management is evolving to meet individual needs

    Robert Aldous
    Chief Customer Officer

    Cast your minds back to a time when business‑travel advice was little more than a colour‑coded map and a tidy list of “dos and don’ts.” Those days are gone.

    The world is moving again – faster than before the pandemic – and today’s travellers are not anonymous employees headed to a pin on a map. They are individuals with intersecting identities, unique expectations, and very real vulnerabilities.

    This shift demands that we change the fundamental question. Outside of extreme situations, no longer do we ask, “Is Mexico City safe to travel to?” Instead, we ask, “How will this traveller experience Mexico City, given their medical history, cultural background, or any number of personal factors?”

    By moving from place‑centric thinking to a people‑first mindset, risk assessments evolve into living profiles that adapt in real time based off the profile. Guidance becomes dynamic, arriving exactly when it matters, whilst privacy is elevated from a compliance tick‑box to a moral imperative.

    Consider what happens when we enrich a traveller’s profile – voluntarily, and always under their control – with up-to-date profile attributes, from language fluency to mobility constraints. A powerful risk-intelligence engine can then align raw, real-time data with personal relevance, transforming generic alerts into guidance that feels timely, empathetic, and, above all, useful. Yet none of this works unless trust sits at the core.

    A privacy‑first architecture minimises data collection, encrypts what is stored, and gives the traveller full authority over when and how their information is activated. Safeguarding identity traits must become as routine as safeguarding a passport number.

    What does this look like on the ground? Let’s think like the people we want to support. Opening an app and seeing a narrative that speaks to you as an individual, perhaps etiquette during Ramadan for a first-time traveller in the Gulf, or a heads‑up on local insulin availability for someone managing diabetes. Practical options could also appear, like the choice to attend a meeting remotely, an alternate routing through a lower‑threat transit hub, or the contact details of a vetted local guide who speaks your native language, or security-recommended restaurants post-meeting, whilst you wait during a delay? No one is forced to reveal private details, but those who opt in unlock an unprecedented layer of protection and confidence.

    As we look ahead, this shift towards personalised, real-time support doesn’t just reflect a technological evolution – it aligns with the rising expectations of the next generation of business travellers. Millennials and Gen Z have already shaped consumer experiences with their demand for relevance, autonomy, and digital convenience. But it’s the emerging cohort of professionals – those coming into leadership in the next five to ten years – who will redefine what good looks like in corporate travel.

    They will expect services that anticipate their needs before they arise. For them, hyper-personalised travel risk management won’t be a premium feature; it will be an expected part of the value proposition. This generation won’t just value safety – they’ll expect it to be smart, contextual, and adaptive to their lifestyles, work styles, and identities. The leap from personalisation as a marketing tactic to personalisation as a duty of care will become the new benchmark for progressive employers and security providers alike.

    The partnership between human insight and machine intelligence

    Where is the frontier? It lies in the partnership between human and machine. Predictive analytics already correlate flight delays, social‑media sentiment, and healthcare capacity in near real time. Algorithms will not be replacing aspects of human judgment, but they can augment our insight, handing us the right information at precisely the right moment. Together, they form a co‑pilot (no pun intended) model in which machines crunch vast, fast‑moving data and humans deliver context, empathy, and final judgment.

    Our future conversations around travel or crisis, especially when aiming to engage teams across our businesses in a meaningful way, need to be one that centres people, respects their privacy, and empowers everyone to explore the world on equal footing.


    Meet Rob to discuss your risk approach

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    Alert+

    Nationwide Protests in Kenya

    Alert plus solace gloabl

    Nationwide Protests in Kenya

    Intelligence cut off: 15:00 BST 25 JUNE 2025

    Demonstrations and clashes with security forces broke out on 25 June in multiple cities in Kenya. The protests, which initially began in Nairobi, have now expanded to other cities including Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru and Nyahururu. According to Citizen TV, protests are also taking place in Eldoret, Kakamega, Narok, Busia, Makueni, Nyeri, Laikipia, Nyandarua, Machakos, Homa Bay, and Kirinyaga. Demonstrations are reportedly taking place in at least 20 of the country’s 47 counties. While precise numbers are unconfirmed, thousands of demonstrators have taken to the streets.

    In Nairobi, large crowds have occupied parts of the Thika Road highway, and protesters have blocked streets in the Zimmerman area. Demonstrators are reportedly heading towards the city centre, highly likely aiming to reach the parliament. Security forces have deployed tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowds, particularly in the central business district and outside the city hall. One protester in the capital city was reported to be injured after being struck on the head by a tear gas canister and at least eight people have been shot, according to local news.

    Reports from Matuu in Machakos County and Molo in Nakuru County indicate that police have opened fire on protesters, resulting in at least two deaths and several injuries in both locations. Eyewitnesses in Matuu claim that the violence occurred when protesters attempted to enter a police station.

    The unrest has led to significant disruptions. Kenya Railways announced the suspension of commuter trains in Nairobi due to the ongoing protests. Additionally, the Kenyan government has taken steps to control the flow of information, with the Communications Authority ordering TV and radio stations to cease live broadcasts of the demonstrations.

    Local NTV and KTN stations report that security forces raided their transmission centres and turned off their signals. NetBlocks has reported disruptions to the Telegram messaging service across Kenya, following a government ban on media platforms covering the protests live. Multi-media organisation The Standard Group has declared that it will continue to broadcast despite the attempted ‘news blackout’.

    Opposition leaders Kalonzo Musyoka and Eugene Wamalwa have joined demonstrators in Nairobi, laying wreaths outside parliament in honour of those killed during demonstrations last year which killed an assessed 60 people. Former Chief Justice David Maraga is also taking part in the protests. They have called on police to exercise restraint and have condemned police brutality.


    SITUATION ANALYSIS

    Kenya Protest Unrest Escalates Amid Police Brutality and Travel Risk Concerns

    Sporadic protests have been ongoing in Kenya since 9 June, after blogger Albert Ojwang died in police custody the previous day after being arrested for the alleged defamation of the Deputy Inspector General of Police.  As protests escalated, the Kenyan National Police also released a statement confirming that a woman miscarried whilst in police custody at Rwanyambo police station in Nyandarua County. On 12 June, the government announced a new finance bill, the trigger for the 2024 protests, although the 2025 iteration was far more conservative.

    Protests will likely continue to escalate. On 17 June, the most violent day of unrest before today, a large group of unidentified individuals on motorcycles arrived in the Central Business District in Nairobi armed with makeshift weapons, including whips and clubs, and Kenyan police forces shot a bystander who had been selling face masks with an anti-riot shotgun at point-blank range in the head. There is a realistic possibility that the allegedly pro-government individuals could once again target protesters, which would almost certainly inflame tensions.

    These protests constitute the most significant demonstrations since the June-August 2024 protests triggered by the government finance bill. The 2024 protests saw a harsh response from security forces, who were accused of abducting, torturing, and killing civilians believed to be leaders of anti-government protests. At least 60 protesters were killed in total.

    The continued perceived harsh repression of demonstrations by security forces, as well as the harming of civilians in custody, has significantly exacerbated tensions, and further footage of security forces using excessive force will almost certainly contribute to demonstrations spreading further.

    Today’s date, 25 June, marks the first anniversary of the 2024 storming of parliament. Protesters will likely target the parliament again due to its symbolic value, although there is a heavy security presence around the building, and it has been barricaded with razor wire to prevent protesters from entering.

    Despite the introduction of a new finance bill being the trigger for the 2024 protests, it is likely the least contributing factor in this wave of demonstrations. The 2024 finance bill aimed to raise 346 billion Kenyan shillings to pay off the country’s high debt by massively increasing taxes on consumers, such as value-added tax (VAT). Amidst a rising cost of living and inflation, this would have added significant economic pressure on ordinary Kenyans, triggering widespread youth-led protests.

    The current wave of unrest, on the other hand, is largely directed towards police brutality, with protesters demanding justice and the resignation of a senior officer they blame for the death of Ojwang, likely suggesting that sustained police brutality and a lack of accountability will continue to sustain violent unrest.

    The presence of prominent opposition figures will almost certainly add pressure on President William Ruto, who has seen multiple bouts of unrest since attaining power in 2022. There is a realistic possibility that protests will continue to escalate until Ruto steps down.

    Fig. 1: Locations of reported protests in Kenya as of 25 June, 14:45 GMT. Source: Factal
    Fig. 2: Locations of reported protests in Nairobi as of 25 June, 14:45 GMT. Source: Factal

    Intelligence Team’s Advice: Guidance During Protests

    • Avoid all non-essential travel to Kenya, particularly Nairobi, Mombasa, and Matuu. 
    • Avoid the central business district in Nairobi, particularly around Kenyatta Avenue, Haile Selassie Avenue, City Hall, and any other wide roads conducive to the staging of protests, as well as all major government buildings such as the Kenyan Parliament or the Governor’s Office.
    • Closely monitor announcements from local authorities and media sources for any developments that may severely impact the local security environment.
    • Avoid all areas of unrest due to incidental risks to bystanders. If caught in the unrest, travellers should move with the crowd until they find the nearest opportunity to escape. If in a vehicle, look to turn down the nearest road. If driving away is not an option, lock the vehicle and escape on foot. 
    • Always follow all instructions and orders from security forces. Where possible, avoid areas of active unrest and remain in a secure accommodation. 
    • Prolonged civil unrest can disrupt travel, especially if protesters begin targeting airports. Travellers should have contingency measures in place, including evacuation plans and reliable access to food, water and medication. 
    • Have emergency contact numbers saved on your phone. These should include the local authorities, medical facilities and any consular support. Ensure that mobile phones are charged in case of any losses in electricity. 
    • If caught in the vicinity of a security incident, seek shelter immediately and leave the area if safe to do so. Continue to adhere to all instructions issued by authorities and obey any security cordons in place. 
    • The overall security situation in Kenya, including Nairobi, is likely to remain severe in the coming days. 
    • Monitor the Solace Secure platform and trusted local media for updates relevant to the conflict. 

    Live Webinar

    Israel Iran Conflict: High-Priority Briefing

    Intelligence team

    Live Webinar: Israel-Iran Conflict High-Priority Briefing

    Strategic Intelligence for Global Security & Risk Leaders

    As the conflict between Israel and Iran intensifies, with confirmed US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, the risk of regional escalation is rapidly increasing. For organisations with global operations, personnel in affected areas, or exposure to Middle East supply chains, access to trusted, real-time insight is essential.

    Last Thursday, Solace Global’s intelligence team delivered a high-priority briefing to clients, providing clarity on the evolving security landscape. The session explored Israel’s strategic intent, Iran’s military response, and the rising likelihood of further US involvement.


    INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

    Delivered by Head of Intelligence Mark Overington and Chief Customer Officer Robert Aldous, the session highlighted:

    • Israel’s objective to degrade Iran’s nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities
    • Tactical airstrikes on high-value targets, including infrastructure and security networks
    • Iran’s ongoing retaliatory missile attacks and use of regional proxy forces
    • Potential risks to international shipping, airspace, and supply chain continuity
    • The operational outlook for US assets in Iraq, Syria, and the Gulf states
    Mark Overington - Solace Global Risk

    Mark Overington

    Head of Intelligence

    Robert Aldous Solace Global

    Robert Aldous

    Chief Customer Officer


    LIVE WEBINAR

    Gain Access to Next Israel-Iran Security Briefing

    On June 21, at approx. 2300 GMT, the US Air Force & Navy carried out attacks at three Iranian Nuclear sites. The attack has been confirmed by US President Donald Trump following days of tit-for-tat strikes between Israel and Iran.

    Solace Global clients will receive these alerts and extended assessment through Solace Secure and through the GIS Subscription. We are advising clients on all potential scenarios, ensuring businesses are prioritising their people, assets and their Operational Resilience.

    Next Israel-Iran Conflict Security Briefing: Thursday 26th June 2025

    Solace Global will host a follow-up briefing this Thursday, offering updated analysis and forward-looking scenarios to inform your planning.

    To access this and future sessions, sign up to our intelligence subscription service


    Alert+

    Israeli Airstrikes Target Iranian Nuclear Program

    Alert plus solace gloabl

    Israel Targets Iran’s Nuclear Sites in Major Attack

    Intelligence cut off: 10:00 BST 13 JUNE 2025

    At approximately 03:30 local time on 13 June, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted a series of coordinated airstrikes targeting multiple locations and senior figures across Iran associated with Iran’s nuclear program as part of  ‘Operation Rising Lion’.

    Targets included the Natanz Enrichment Complex; nuclear-related facilities in Qom, Markazi, Kermanshah, and Hamadan; and multiple locations in Tehran. Israeli sources have also claimed to have completed a ‘broad strike’ on Iranian air defence systems in western Iran, resulting in the destruction of dozens of radars and surface-to-air missile launchers (SAMs).

    Iranian state media claim the strikes resulted in dozens of fatalities and casualties. Among those reportedly killed are Hossein Salami, Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Mohammad Bagheri, Chief of Iranian Armed Forces General Staff, and senior nuclear scientists Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi and Fereydoun Abbasi.

    The strikes form part of a broader Israeli strategy aimed at dismantling the IRGC leadership and disrupting Iran’s nuclear programme. The attack follows days of escalating tensions, fuelled by stalled US-Iran negotiations over Iran’s nuclear program.

    Israel has declared a state of emergency, closed its airspace, suspended operations at Tel Aviv’s Ben Gurion International Airport (TLV) indefinitely, and  Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warned Israeli citizens that they may have to spend extended periods within air raid shelters. Public offices and educational institutions across the country will remain closed until at least 20:00 local time on 14 June. Emergency services have been placed on high alert, and the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) have bolstered their presence in the Occupied West Bank

    Iranian Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, has vowed that Israel will face ‘severe punishment’ for the strikes on its nuclear program. On 13 June, Iran launched 100 uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in response to the Israeli strikes.

    Airspace restrictions have been imposed across Iraq, and flight operations at all Iraqi airports have been suspended as a precautionary measure. Multiple reports indicate that explosions have occurred in various locations across Iraq. Although the nature and cause of these incidents remain unconfirmed at this stage, uncorroborated reports suggest facilities associated with Iranian proxy forces have been targeted.

    Jordan has closed its airspace and has stated that it will not tolerate violations of its airspace. Air raid sirens have been activated in the capital, Amman, and Jordanian state media has announced that the Jordanian Armed Forces have intercepted drones that have entered its airspace. Jordanian officials have warned citizens not to gather in the street due to the threat of falling debris from intercepted aerial threats.

    US Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a statement affirming that Israel “took unilateral action against Iran” in what Israel has described as a necessary act of self-defence. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu characterised the pre-emptive strikes as a military operation aimed at “rolling back the Iranian threat to Israel’s survival.”

    Despite repeated denials from senior US officials regarding any direct involvement in the strikes, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has accused the United States of assisting in the operation. IRGC officials have vowed a “strong response from Iranian forces” against Israel and US forces in the region.

    The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) announced via social media platform X, that they are “in contact with Iranian authorities regarding radiation levels” that may increase as a result of the attack.


    INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS

    The most immediate threat posed by the escalation is of Iranian retaliation strikes against Israel. Reports indicate that the first wave of Iranian UAVs was completely intercepted by Israel or regional forces. However, the first wave was likely an initial response and will almost certainly be followed by larger waves of layered attacks consisting of UAVs and ballistic missiles conducted by Iranian conventional forces.

    Israeli attempts to degrade Iranian air defence likely indicate that further Israeli strikes on Iran are impending, which will almost certainly provoke further Iranian retaliation. Given the strategic importance of Iran’s nuclear program, it is likely that future Iranian attacks will be larger than those observed in April and October 2024.

    Iranian proxy forces in the region will highly likely form part of Iran’s retaliation against Israel. The Houthi Movement in Yemen will likely conduct missile and drone attacks targeting southern and central Israel. Iranian proxies in Iraq will likely launch drones at Israel. Despite much of its military infrastructure in southern Lebanon having been dismantled, Hezbollah still maintains a credible arsenal of rockets, missiles, and drones, and is likely to conduct attacks primarily against northern Israel.

    Whilst Israeli air defence is comprehensive and highly capable, previous Iranian strikes and proxy attacks have managed to successfully penetrate Israel’s defences. Furthermore, there is a high threat from falling debris caused by successful interceptions across Israel, Jordan and Iraq. The resumption of hostilities will almost certainly result in significant airspace closures, and air travel disruption will continue across the region, complicating evacuation.

    So far, the US Trump administration has sought to distance itself from the Israeli operation. However, Iran’s foreign ministry has stated that the US will also be responsible for the “dangerous consequences” of Israel’s “adventurism”, and there are indications from Iranian television broadcasts that Iran will now not participate in the scheduled negotiations with the US on 15 June.

    The most likely US targets to be attacked are the US military bases in Iraq and Syria. Moreover, it is likely that the Iraq-based Iranian proxies, the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMFs), will engage in rocket attacks against these US bases. Such attacks would highly likely lead to retaliation from the US, threatening to further escalate the conflict.

    Should Hezbollah resume direct conflict with Israel, this would almost certainly be met with Israeli airstrikes against Hezbollah targets across Lebanon, particularly in the Dahieh suburbs of southern Beirut, the Beqaa Valley, and south of the Litani River.

    As the Royal Jordanian Air Force has already engaged in interceptions of Iranian aerial threats over Jordan’s airspace, this poses an immediate threat of debris in Jordan. Furthermore, Jordanian involvement has previously led to civil unrest in Amman, and this will likely occur again, particularly in the vicinity of the Israeli and US embassies.

    It is unlikely but possible that retaliation from Tehran and its proxies will develop to involve strikes against US military bases in the Gulf states, particularly Kuwait and Bahrain, but also the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. Gulf state leaders have made distinct efforts to condemn the Israeli strikes, with Iranian officials having previously threatened attacks against US interests across the region in the event of escalation.

    For the Gulf states, the highest impact potential outcome is the development of the conflict into a protracted regional conflict involving the US, characterised by the targeting of energy facilities across the region. Strikes against Gulf oil facilities are a key capability Iran can deploy against US interests in the region and threaten to disrupt the global economy.


    Travel Risk Advice: Safety Guidelines for Los Angeles, USA

    • Avoid all non-essential travel to Israel, Iran, the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), Jordan, and Iraq.
    • Ensure that you contact and register with your local embassy or consulate if stranded in Israel, Iran, OPT, Jordan, or Iraq.
    • Travellers in Israel should familiarise themselves with the nearest air raid shelter and ensure that they have downloaded applications that provide early warning of incoming threats, such as Home Front Command or Red Alert.
    • Avoid all military installations, government buildings, and key infrastructure, which may constitute potential targets.
    • Ensure you have robust evacuation, communication, and contingency plans in place.
    • Adhere to all instructions issued by authorities.
    • Expect the security situation in the region to remain highly unstable in the immediate future. There is an increased risk of further strikes, terrorist attacks, and civil unrest.
    • Prepare an essential “go-bag” containing, at a minimum, travel documents, cash, medications, basic supplies, and communication devices in case of evacuation.
    • Keep emergency contact numbers saved on your phone, including those for local authorities, medical services, and consular assistance. Ensure mobile devices are fully charged in case of potential power outages.
    • Closely monitor trusted local news reports and government alerts. Unverified claims and disinformation will almost certainly be widely propagated on social media and unvetted sources.

    Alert+

    Plane Crash in Ahmedabad, India

    Alert plus solace gloabl

    Air India flight AL171 crashed during take-off in Ahmedabad

    Intelligence cut off: 11:15 BST 12 June 2025

    On 12 June, Air India flight AI171 crashed during take-off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (AMD) in Ahmedabad in India’s Gujarat province. The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner had a capacity of 256 seats onboard and was bound for London Gatwick Airport (LGW). 242 people are believed to be onboard, including the two pilots and 10 cabin crew staff. According to reports, there were 169 Indian nationals, 53 Britons, seven Portuguese, and one Canadian on board.

    The plane departed at 13:38 local time (08:08 UTC), and the signal was lost less than a minute after take-off, while the plane was 625 feet (190 metres) high. The plane was due to land at 18:25 local time (17:25 UTC). According to social media footage, the plane crashed outside the airport perimeter in a residential area near the Civil Hospital Ahmedabad, southwest of the airport. The plane, which had a fuel load of 126,000 litres, caught fire after crashing and black smoke was seen rising from the crash site. While casualty figures are currently unclear, there appear to be some survivors.

    Ahmedabad airport map

    India’s aviation minister has stated that rescue teams have been mobilised. The Chief Minister of Gujarat has stated that officials have been instructed to carry out ‘immediate rescue and relief operations’ and to make arrangements on a ‘war footing’. A green corridor for injured passengers has been arranged to ensure priority at the hospital. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has been sent from Delhi to investigate the cause of the incident.

    While the cause of the crash is unclear, the loss of signal shortly before the crash indicates a critical systems failure is likely. There was high visibility of six kilometres, and there were light surface winds, so a weather-induced accident is unlikely. An investigation into the cause of the incident will almost certainly be quickly carried out by the DGCA and Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), who will attempt to recover the black boxes (flight data and cockpit voice recorders) to determine the nature of the crash.

    The last fatal plane crash in India occurred at Kozhikode International Airport (CCJ) in 2020, where the plane skidded off the runway and crashed into the ground. 21 people were killed and over 100 were injured.

    Prime Minister Narendra Modi will likely declare a day of national mourning over the victims of the crash as casualty figures become clear. If the cause of the crash is deemed to be due to poor maintenance, regulatory failures, or negligence, demonstrations are likely to occur outside the airport or outside government buildings.

    There will almost certainly be significant flight disruptions over the coming hours. Flight tracking sources indicate that incoming domestic flights have been diverted back to their airports of origin, and departure flights have been cancelled.


    INTELLIGENCE TEAM’S GUIDANCE

    Travel Risk Advice: Safety Guidelines

    •Closely monitor local news reports, government alerts, and the Solace Secure platform and trusted local media for updates. There is a high likelihood of disinformation being published regarding the nature of the plane crash.

    •Follow Air India’s X page found here for the latest information regarding the incident.

    •Expect significant transport disruptions near the airport and crash site. Where possible, use alternative routes.

    •Confirm all flights with your airline if scheduled to depart from or arrive at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport.

    •If stranded or delayed, contact your airline’s 24/7 helpline to arrange alternative flights.

    •If staying near the airport or crash site, expect transit delays due to crash-related roadblocks. Consider moving hotels to somewhere away from the airport.

    •Expect reduced capacity for emergency services in the Ahmedabad area over the coming hours.