The Space Arms Race and Strategic Competition in 2025

The global space race is entering a new phase, with major powers accelerating their military and economic ambitions in orbit. The strategic competition between the US, China, and Russia is no longer just about exploration – it’s about dominance, defence, and economic influence. In 2025, the space domain is becoming a battleground, where national security interests are increasingly prioritised over international cooperation.

Space has become the backbone of military and economic power, with countries and private enterprises investing heavily in satellite technology, communications, and defence systems. Reportedly, in 2024, over 90% of the UK’s military equipment relied on space-based technology to some degree, highlighting the growing dependence on orbital assets for national security.

The US has recognised the strategic value of the commercial space sector, with President Biden’s 2022 National Security Strategy emphasising its role in maintaining global leadership. Meanwhile, China is pushing for record orbital launches, and Russia focusing on counter-satellite (ASAT) technology to challenge Western dominance.

The Space Arms Race and Strategic Competition in 2025 report mock up

The involvement of private space companies like SpaceX has transformed modern warfare. Starlink, a key player in Ukraine’s military efforts, has enabled real-time communication and coordination on the battlefield. However, its unauthorised use by Russian forces in Ukraine raises concerns about the potential misuse of commercial space assets by hostile actors and non-state groups.


  • US-China Rivalry: How Beijing’s rapid space expansion is challenging US dominance.
  • Private Sector Influence: The role of companies like SpaceX in modern warfare.
  • ASAT Weaponisation: The risks of escalating space-based military capabilities.
  • Security Threats: The growing misuse of commercial satellite networks by non-state actors.